Structure: At the head of the review, give the review your own original title, and your name, followed by the bibliographical information on the book as follows:

Xenophon, The Persian Expedition. Translated by Rex Warner with an introduction and notes by George Cawkwell. New York: Penguin Books, 1972.

Style: Brevity and conciseness are harder to achieve than verbosity and vagueness. Do not just turn in a first draft. Proofread your writing. Do not just rely on spell check, which will not alert you when you are using a real word that is the wrong word in the context. Write in complete sentences. A complete sentence has a subject and a verb. Style and accuracy are important and integral parts of content and will count heavily in or against your favor in the determination of your grade on this essay.

Purpose: The essential purpose of writing a book review is to enable the reviewer to summarize, evaluate, and communicate to the reader of the review the book that the reviewer has read. You should not only summarize the contents of the book, but also critically evaluate the book. For general guidelines, from Writing Tutorial Services at Indiana University–Bloomington, on how to write a book review, see: www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/book_reviews.shtml. A review of any book (or any historical document) should address / answer the following questions:

·        What was the author’s (Xenophon’s) purpose in writing the book? To put it another way: Where is the author coming from? Where is he going with this book?
·        How well did the author achieve that purpose?
·        What are the book’s strengths and weaknesses?
·        What audience did the author intend to reach with the book?
·        To what extent did the author set standards for accuracy in writing history? Please do not refer to this book as a “novel.” A novel is fiction; this is supposed to be nonfiction. You may if you wish address the issue of the extent to which the author blurs the distinction between fiction and nonfiction.
·        To what extent are the author’s expectations and standards of accuracy similar to or different from our own?
·        To what extent have our expectations and standards of accuracy changed since the author’s time?
·        How did the author deal with the challenges and dilemmas that he encountered?
Xenophon (ca. 430–ca. 355 BCE) described an expedition that occurred from 401 to 399. He wrote The Persian Expedition sometime between the mid 370s and the early 360s BCE. Its original title was Anabasis (Greek: “The March Up Country”). It circulated in manuscript; was first printed in 1516 CE, in Greek; and was translated into Early Modern English in 1623. George Cawkwell’s introduction provides the historical background, a map on pages 50–51 identifies key places on Xenophon’s route, the “Glossary of Names” at the end of the book provides a cast of characters, and the index entries provide thumbnail descriptions of persons and places. As you read the book be alert to, and in your descriptive essay address / answer the following questions specific to this book (your essay does not have to address all of them):

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·        What did Xenophon and his fellow Greeks intend and expect when they embarked on their expedition into Persia?
·        What unexpected circumstances—reversals of fortunes—did they encounter?
·        How did Xenophon and his fellow Greeks experience and deal with unintended consequences that they encountered?
·        What evidence does the book provide about the ethnocentrism (an attitude that one’s own group is superior) of Xenophon and his fellow Greeks?
·        What evidence does the book provide about Xenophon’s religion?
·        How did Xenophon’s religion affect his actions, and his account of those actions, as he recorded them in his book?
·        What evidence does the book provide about the political and military organization of the Greeks? Of the Persians?
Academic Integrity: We all know that there are reviews and summaries of books, in the library, on the Web, and elsewhere. I want to know your ideas about the book, not somebody else’s. When you use someone else’s ideas, they must be acknowledged in a footnote (see hypothetical example below).1 When you use someone else’s words, those words must be enclosed within quotation marks and acknowledged in a footnote. If from a website, it is insufficient just to cite the “Web”; rather, you should cite the full URL (uniform resource locator) and the date that you accessed it: “accessed dd/mm/yyyy.” When you are quoting from the book you are reviewing, you may simply enclose the quote within quotation marks and cite the page number in parentheses, immediately after the quotation. Example: (p. 202). The “Assignments” link on Canvas will automatically check your book review / essay for originality through Turnitin, which will create an originality report that will be accessible to you and me. Using someone else’s words or ideas without giving credit is called plagiarism, which is an offense under the university-wide Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, andConduct at Indiana University (www.iu.edu/~code/code/index.shtml).Plagiarism is a big word for stealing, passing off another’s work as your own, or cheating. When plagiarism is detected in this class, the student will receive an automatic F (zero points) on the assignment.

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