The overall goal of the Session Long Project in this course is to examine health care delivery in the United States from a personal perspective and provide recommendations for improvements.
For the Module 3 SLP, conduct some preliminary research on a Patient Centered Medical Home, Ambulatory Care, Community Health Centers, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, or Mental Health facility in your state. You are to create a 12- to 15-slide PowerPoint Presentation (not including the title or reference slides) covering your selected facility in your state. In your presentation, you are to answer the following:
Which populations (e.g., adults, children, or older adults) and what conditions/diseases are targeted?
Who are the participating payers?
What type of insurance product (e.g., HMO or PPO) do the participating payers include?
Who are the participating providers? (List only the type of providers, such as hospitals or community health centers.)
How are the participating providers reimbursed?
In your final slides, you are to make recommendations for the future of health care delivery of the facility that you selected. The recommendations are to be vividly supported on scholarly sources.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Conduct additional research to gather sufficient information to support your design of your department organization chart.
Limit your PPT to a maximum of 17 slides (15 not including the title and reference slide).
I need an expert in CHEM 1010: Medical General Chemistry I, to perform laboratory activities I need to obtain a B, the work consists of developing some activities of the laboratory manual and performing some quizzes. The laboratory consists of 10 weeks of work, in each week there are laboratory activities and a quiz, I have done 6 quiz and I have obtained a score of 61%, I need get 100% in the next 5 quiz and. I need finish the course on friday 17 of this month and get an B in the laboratory activities. Please only experts who are sure to get the results I ask. I will answer tonight.
In your own words, discuss the chemistry of the process presented in the materials, and what the company and other organizations should have done to prevent the incident from occurring. Make sure you deal with the concept of exothermic reactions. Provide enough discussion to convey that you clearly understand the concept of an exothermic reaction.
Your APA formatted paper should be three pages in length (not including the title and references pages). Any sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
U.S. Chemical Safety Board. (2009). T2 Laboratories Inc. reactive chemical explosion. Retrieved from http://www.csb.gov/t2-laboratories-inc-reactive-chemical-explosion/
Quantitative determination of blood alcohol (BAC) is one of the most
common analyses performed in the forensic toxicology laboratory. GC with
FIR (flame ionization detection) is the preferred technique.
Blood samples must be drawn by medical personnel and transported to
the lab, where they are stored in a refrigerator. The blood tubes used
for collection generally contain sodium fluoride, an anti-glycolytic,
which inhibits enzyme reactions with glucose (recall that fermentation
of glucose can produce alcohol!). Sample preparation is minimal and will
vary by laboratory. Nearly all labs, however, will require use of an
internal standard (discussed further below).
Quantitative analysis by GC is typically done using an autosampler.
Even with this, the very small sample injection volumes and potential
small changes in instrumental conditions, such as gas flow, might
introduce other variations. One method commonly used to compensate for
these difficulties is the use of internal standards.
The internal standard method involves spiking an exactly known
quantity of a substance into every sample and standard. The area of the
internal standard and the area of the analyte are determined, and then a
ratio of these two is calculated by dividing the area of the analyte
peak by the area of the internal standard peak. The result is called a peak area ratio (PAR).
The idea is that even though the peak areas for a given sample may vary
from one test to the next due to injection differences or instrumental
variations, the ratio of the two peaks will be constant, since the
variations will affect both substances equally. Then, when preparing the
calibration curve, the PAR is plotted on the y-axis rather than the
simple peak area.
A good internal standard has the following characteristics:
ü Yields a peak that is well resolved from other peaks
ü Has a retention time close to the analyte’s retention time
ü Normally, some structural similarity between the IS and analyte is desirable
ü Is a compound not readily available to the public and this not typically ingested
o This can be confirmed by using two Internal Standards (e.g., N-Propanol and Isobutanol)
§ The area ratio between the two internal standards should be a constant
There are two ways of introducing an internal standard into the
analysis. One way is to dissolve the internal standard into the solvent
used to dilute both samples and standards. A second way is to add an
accurate and precise volume of concentrated internal standard solution
to the samples and standards. The Internal Standard solution may contain
salt (i.e., sodium chloride) to enhance the headspace analyses.
Addition of salt reduces the solubility of alcohol in an aqueous
solution.
For blood alcohol quantitative determinations, n-propanol is a
commonly used internal standard. In the data set below, you are provided
with peak areas for both ethanol and propanol. When you make the
calibration curve, plot the PAR vs the concentration.
Quality control samples (QC) are a critical component of a forensic BAC. QC samples typically include:
Negative control (contains no ethanol)
Positive control (contains a known amount of ethanol)
Quality control requirements typically include:
Agreement between the calculated value found for a control and its true, assigned value
Agreement between the calculated ethanol concentrations in duplicate samples
Agreement between the retention times of calibrator and sample ethanol peaks and internal standard peaks
For this “dry lab” you will be given a set of data from a BAC run.
You will need to determine the PAR, plot a calibration curve, determine
the concentrations of the unknowns, and calculate the QC results to be
sure they are within the pre-established limits.
Data
In a real world forensic BAC run, you would have two separate columns
running these samples simultaneously. You would also determine acetone,
isopropanol, and methanol. For this dry lab, however, we will only do
calculations for ethanol on one column.
Concentration(g ethanol / 100 mL)
Peak area for ethanol
Retention time ethanol, min
Peak area for n-propanol (IS spiked at 0.05g/dL)
Retention time n-propanol min
Blank
0
1259
1.141
25649
1.991
Calibrator 1
0.0100
3975
1.139
24507
1.898
Calibrator 2
0.0500
21876
1.137
25565
2.010
Calibrator 3
0.0800
37561
1.140
24610
1.995
Calibrator 4
0.100
46003
1.142
24368
1.997
Calibrator 5
0.300
133987
1.138
25117
2.001
Calibrator 6
0.500
221397
1.140
24947
1.993
Negative control 1
0
3165
1.145
25387
2.011
Positive control 1
0.0800
35587
1.135
24991
1.993
Blood sample 1
?
67590
1.141
25619
1.990
Blood sample 1 duplicate
?
70345
1.138
25116
1.891
Blood sample 2
?
98171
1.144
24819
1.993
Blood sample 2 duplicate
?
110786
1.137
25038
2.011
Negative control 2
0
1590
1.143
25437
1.995
Positive control 2
0.300
146723
1.144
24751
1.996
Report Requirements
Calculations
For each question, show the calculations for at least one example. You may write-out rather than type the calculations, if you wish.
1. Use the calibrator data to make a calibration curve using Excel.
You should be able to copy and paste that data table into Excel.
Remember to use the PAR, not just the ethanol peak area. Plot PAR on the
on the y-axis and ethanol concentration on the x-axis. Use Excel to get
a trendline (linear least squared fit to the data) and an r2 value for
the calibration curve. Attach the graph to the report. (2 pts)
2. The standard operating procedure (SOP) that you are using says
that the r2 value for the calibration curve must be greater than 0.995.
Does your curve meet that requirement? (0.5 pts)
3. Use the trendline equation to calculate the ethanol concentrations for negative control 1 and 2. (1 pt)
4. The SOP in your lab states that the QC limit for the negative control is less than 0.0025%. (1 pt)
a. Are both of the negative controls within QC limits?
b. Suppose that your SOP says that you can’t report data if the limit
is exceeded. Would you be able to report data from this run?
5. Use the trendline to calculate the ethanol concentrations for positive control 1 and 2. (1.5 pts)
6. Calculate the % error for both positive controls. (See data table for the “true” concentrations). (1.5 pts)
7. The SOP states that the positive controls must be within 5% of the
“true” concentration. If they aren’t, you should re-run the batch. Can
you report the data from this batch? (0.5 pt)
8. Calculate the ethanol concentrations for the four injections of Blood samples. (1.5 pts)
9. Calculate the agreement between each Blood sample and its
duplicate as relative percent difference from the average (RPD). (1.5
pts)
10. Suppose your SOP requires that the RPD must be +/- 5%. Do your
samples meet this requirement, and could you report this data? (0.5 pts)
11. Calculate and list the average value of the retention time for the ethanol and n-propanol for the 6 calibrators. (1pt)
12. Suppose your SOP requires that the retention times for the
ethanol and n-propanol in the samples is within ±3% of the average
retention time for those substances in the calibrators. Do your 4 Blood
sample injections meet that requirement? Briefly justify your answer.
(1.5 pts)
Questions
13. The per se limit for DUI is 0.08%. Explain what the
percent unit actually means in blood alcohol testing. Is this on a
weight/weight basis, a volume/volume basis, a volume/weight basis or a
weight/volume basis? Would it make a difference if the limit were on a
different basis? (1 pt)
14. Is the unit g ethanol/dL blood the same unit as 0.08%? What volume in is 1 dL in units of milliliters? (1 pt)
15. Were any of the samples in this dry lab data above the legal limit? If so, which ones? (1 pt)
16. The actual columns often used for BAC are proprietary.
Manufacturers provide examples of operating conditions that demonstrate
how well the columns separate mixtures, but disclose little information
on the composition of the columns. Even though you don’t know the exact
makeup of the stationary phase in the columns, would you expect them to
be polar or non-polar? Explain your answer. (1 pt)
17. Chromatographic conditions for BAC are generally isothermal.
Briefly explain the term isothermal in the context of GC-FID. What step
in a temperature gradient GC-FID run can be omitted in an isothermal
GC-FID run? Why are isothermal methods preferred for BAC? (2 pts)
Report: Title, Name, Questions answered in order and email of spreadsheet to instructor. (1 pt)
Assume the role of an environmental safety expert who is presenting to a group of undergraduate college students about the application of toxicology in the field of environmental health and safety. Your presentation should address the following key points.
Explain how dose-response data are utilized for risk assessment. Discuss the relationship between risk assessment and risk management.
Identify and explain how at least three fields of toxicology contribute to areas of environmental safety and health.
Research and discuss one current event (within the last six to eight months) that exemplified the relationship between toxicology and environmental safety and health.
The assignment should be completed as a PowerPoint presentation and should meet the following requirements:
The length should be at least eight slides, not including your title and reference slides.
Key points only should be entered on slides. Full paragraphs should not be included on presentation slides.
Voice-over or speaker notes should be included for details of the discussion. This should not be an exact replica of the slide information but an expansion of information to fill in the blanks and provide additional details to the audience.
Include least three visual aids and/or graphics.
A minimum of three credible sources should be used for this assignment, and the references should be properly cited in a reference list at the end of the PowerPoint. The CSU Online Library is a great place to find credible sources. All references and citations used must be in APA style.
please find a protein supplement with a Nutrition Food Facts Label.
Here is an example, CytoSport Muscle Milk Chocolate Protein Supplement Powder sold by Walgreens. You can find your protein supplement using the web or going to the store. Once you have found a product, locate the list of ingredients and nutrition label. You will need this for your forum discussion.
Do not use a supplement someone else has selected. Once you have found a supplement, go to this week’s forum and see if anyone has posted that supplement’s name. If the name is not present, then open a new thread and type the product name in the thread’s title box. This will reserve that supplement for you. You can add the required initial forum discussion information any time before the required due date. To add your discussion after posting your supplement title, select edit thread.
In the Forum, list the ingredients and tell the class the functional property of each ingredient. In other words, what it contributes to the product. Don’t confuse functional properties with nutritional/health properties. For example, one of the ingredients in CytoSport Muscle Milk Chocolate Protein Supplement Powder is fructooligosaccharides. This ingredient contributes sweetness to the product. I suggest you start with this website to find the functional property: http://nutritiondata.self.com/topics/food-additives. If the item is not in this list, then try the Natural Medicines Database. You can find this in our library under databases. I attached directions to access the Natural Medicines Database. If your ingredient is not in the database, then search for it on the web. I provided links to several other databases or websites below. Be very careful that you tell us the functional properties, not the health properties, of the ingredient.
Don’t forget to include a bibliography of your information sources. Also, tell the class about the nutrition information, for example: How many calories per serving? How many calories are from fat and carbohydrate? Does it contain any other vitamins or minerals? Then, evaluate the product. Would you use it? Why or why not?
In this assignment, you will choose options from each category to design your own case study. Once you have selected one option from each category, you will use that profile to write a case study report. Do not use the same chemical you researched in Unit II. Be creative in developing your character by giving a name, occupation (if applicable), identity, and description of the individual and the situation and circumstances of the case study. The details of the effects of the chemical exposure should be supported by your references.
Step 1: Identify a specific chemical from ONE of these categories:
fungicide,
rodenticide,
herbicide, or
insecticide.
Step 2: Choose a profile of the individual affected:
adult or
child.
Step 3: Research at least two incidents of exposure of the chemical.
Step 4: Develop a case study of exposure of your chemical to the individual. Discuss the following in your case study:
Identify how the individual was exposed to the chemical.
Identify the exposure pathway of your chosen chemical.
What organ systems were affected by the chemical?
What acute and chronic effects of exposure to the chemical were observed? Would the effects have been different if the individual was younger or older?
How could exposure to the chemical be avoided?
The case study should include the following components:
Include all of the aspects in Step 4.
Utilize at least three credible references, one of which may be the textbook, and one of which must come from the CSU Online Library.
Include a minimum of at least two pages, not including title and reference pages.
All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. All references and citations used must be in APA style.
